Reliability and Dimensionality of EPREVO ("Experiencias de Parto Relacionadas a Violencia Obstétrica"): Development of a New Instrument, Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: A new instrument called EPREVO has been developed to measure obstetric violence in Ecuador and the objective of this work is to validate its reliability and structural dimensionality. METHODS: Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a tetrachoric correlation approach. We examined the factor structure of EPREVO, a Spanish instrument to measure obstetric violence. Kuder Richardson values were used to assess the internal consistency of the scale and dimensionality was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 3-factor solution. Most item-to-factor-correlations presented moderate to strong magnitude. Total Kuder Richardson was 0.87, while for the three factors were 0.23, 0.47 and 0.94, respectively. The model's goodness-of-fit indexes were satisfactory (χ2 = 1458.83; χ2/g.l = 2.60, p < 0.001; NNFI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.09); most of the factor loads were greater than 0.30. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested a 3-dimensional structure of EPREVO. CONCLUSION: The scale's factor structure presented satisfactory validity and reliability results, except for one factor. The 30 items scale could potentially be used as an instrument for assessing obstetric violence in different healthcare settings.

Exfoliated Human Olfactory Neuroepithelium: A Source of Neural Progenitor Cells.

Neural progenitor cells (NPC) contained in the human adult olfactory neuroepithelium (ONE) possess an undifferentiated state, the capability of self-renewal, the ability to generate neural and glial cells as well as being kept as neurospheres in cell culture conditions. Recently, NPC have been isolated from human or animal models using high-risk surgical methods. Therefore, it was necessary to improve methodologies to obtain and maintain human NPC as well as to achieve better knowledge of brain disorders. In this study, we propose the establishment and characterization of NPC cultures derived from the human olfactory neuroepithelium, using non-invasive procedures. Twenty-two healthy individuals (29.7 ± 4.5 years of age) were subjected to nasal exfoliation. Cells were recovered and kept as neurospheres under serum-free conditions. The neural progenitor origin of these neurospheres was determined by immunocytochemistry and qPCR. Their ability for self-renewal and multipotency was analyzed by clonogenic and differentiation assays, respectively. In the cultures, the ONE cells preserved the phenotype of the neurospheres. The expression levels of Nestin, Musashi, Sox2, and ßIII-tubulin demonstrated the neural origin of the neurospheres; 48% of the cells separated could generate neurospheres, determining that they retained their self-renewal capacity. Neurospheres were differentiated in the absence of growth factors (EGF and FGF), and their multipotency ability was maintained as well. We were also able to isolate and grow human neural progenitor cells (neurospheres) through nasal exfoliates (non-invasive method) of the ONE from healthy adults, which is an extremely important contribution for the study of brain disorders and for the development of new therapies.

A delta-sarcoglycan gene polymorphism as a risk factor for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND: The C allele of c.-94C>G polymorphism of the delta-sarcoglycan gene was associated as a risk factor for coronary spasm in Japanese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). AIM: We evaluated whether the c.-94C>G polymorphism can be a risk factor for HCM in Mexican patients. METHODS: The polymorphism was genotyped and the risk was estimated in 35 HCM patients and 145 healthy unrelated individuals. Data of this polymorphism reported in Mexican Amerindian populations were included. RESULTS: The C allele frequency in HCM patients was higher with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.37, and the risk for the CC genotype increased to 5.0. The analysis with Mexican Amerindian populations showed that the C allele frequency was significantly higher in HCM patients with an OR of 2.96 and for CC genotype the risk increased to 7.60. CONCLUSIONS: The C allele of the c.-94C>G polymorphism is a risk factor for HCM, which is increased by the Amerindian component and can play an important role in the etiology and progression of disease in Mexican patients.

Rasgos de personalidad, edad, cultura y restricciones hídricas y dietéticas en pacientes en hemodiálisis / Personality traits, age, culture and hydric and dietetic restrictions in patients undergoing haemodialysis

Queda mucho por investigar y comprender alrededor de la interacción entre lo físico y lo mental. Los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis debido a su enfermedad, deben cumplir una serie de normas dietéticas, de cuidado de su acceso vascular, etc. Pensamos que los rasgos de la personalidad, la edad, la cultura, pueden influir en la aceptación de la enfermedad de nuestros pacientes renales en tratamiento sustitutivo con hemodiálisis, y por lo consiguiente en el cumplimiento de las normas dietéticas, lo cual se vería reflejado en sus resultados analíticos pre-HD (niveles de potasio, de fósforo, ganancia interdiálisis), aunque también somos conscientes de que pueden influir otras variables, como es el nivel de afectación renal, nivel sociocultural, etc. La muestra del estudio la constituyeron 35 pacientes de la unidad de diálisis de Melilla, de diferentes edades (mayores de 18 años) y de ambos sexos. Para conocer los rasgos de personalidad de nuestros pacientes, se les realizó un cuestionario validado de personalidad. Los datos registrados fueron: edad, sexo, cultura, rasgo de personalidad, potasio, fósforo, ganancia interdiálisis. No hemos hallado correlación significativa entre los rasgos de personalidad, la cultura frente a la ganancia de peso interdiálisis, niveles de fósforo y potasio, pero sí hemos hallado correlación significativa negativa entre la variable edad frente a la ganancia interdiálisis y los niveles de fósforo, aunque no así en los niveles de potasio, dé tal manera que se ve reflejado que a mayor edad, presentan menos ganancia interdiálisis y menos niveles de fósforo (AU)

Much has still to be investigated and understood about the interaction between the physical and the mental. Patients undergoing haemodialysis because of their illness have to comply with a series of dietetic rules, care of their vascular access, etc. We think that personal traits, age, culture can influence the acceptance of the illness by our renal patients receiving substitute treatment with haemodialysis, and therefore the compliance with dietetic rules, which would be reflected in their pre-HD analysis results (levels of potassium, phosphorous, interdialysis weight gain), although we are also aware that other variables can have an influence, such as the level of renal affectation, sociocultural level, etc. The sample in the study was made up of 35 patients of the dialysis unit in Melilla, of different ages (over 18) and of both sexes. To determine the personality traits of our patients, a validated personality questionnaire was used. The data recorded were: age, sex, culture, personality trait, potassium, phosphorous, interdialysis weight gain. We have not found a significant correlation between personality traits, culture compared to interdialysis weight gain, phosphorous and potassium levels, but we did find a significant negative correlation between the age variable and interdialysis weight gain and phosphorous levels, although not in potassium levels, so that the older the patient, the lower the interdialysis weight gain and the phosphorous levels (AU)

Percepción, impacto y perspectiva de salud bucal en adolescentes de 14 a 17 años / Perception, impact and perspective of oral health in 14- to 17-year old adolescents

La adolescencia es conocida como una etapa dinámica de cambios de la percepción del contexto social, del esquema corporal, de la faz relacional y actitudinal. La salud bucal no escapa a este fenómeno de cambio. Ello justifica la necesidad de estudiar la percepción, impacto y perspectiva de salud bucal en grupos etarios delimitados. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (a) conocer la percepcion e impacto de la salud bucal en adolescentes de 14 a 17 años de edad, (b) estimar la autoeficacia para seguir un programa preventivo de salud bucal. Participaron 300 adolescentes de ambos sexos, seleccionados al azar en centros urbanos de Bs. As., La Plata, Mar del Plata, Córdoba, La Pampa y Salta. Los datos se recolectaron haciendo uso de cuestionarios de respuestas cerradas (Slade y Spencer, 1994, Wolfe et al., 1991 y Stewart et al., 1997) y se evaluaron haciendo uso de la escala de Likert. La significancia de las diferencias observadas (p<0,05)se analizó a través de los test de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis y Dunn. La percepción, control y actitud positiva para seguir programas preventivos de salud bucal resultó significativamente mayor en los adolescentes y en los grandes centros urbanos. Los resultados revelan una alta frecuencia de actitud neutra hacia la percepción, control y autoeficiencia en lo referente a salud bucal. Ello demanda un papel activo del odontopediatra en el estímulo del adolescente y en la difusión de información y participación en programas preventivos de salud.(AU)

Percepción, impacto y perspectiva de salud bucal en adolescentes de 14 a 17 años / Perception, impact and perspective of oral health in 14- to 17-year old adolescents

La adolescencia es conocida como una etapa dinámica de cambios de la percepción del contexto social, del esquema corporal, de la faz relacional y actitudinal. La salud bucal no escapa a este fenómeno de cambio. Ello justifica la necesidad de estudiar la percepción, impacto y perspectiva de salud bucal en grupos etarios delimitados. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (a) conocer la percepcion e impacto de la salud bucal en adolescentes de 14 a 17 años de edad, (b) estimar la autoeficacia para seguir un programa preventivo de salud bucal. Participaron 300 adolescentes de ambos sexos, seleccionados al azar en centros urbanos de Bs. As., La Plata, Mar del Plata, Córdoba, La Pampa y Salta. Los datos se recolectaron haciendo uso de cuestionarios de respuestas cerradas (Slade y Spencer, 1994, Wolfe et al., 1991 y Stewart et al., 1997) y se evaluaron haciendo uso de la escala de Likert. La significancia de las diferencias observadas (p<0,05)se analizó a través de los test de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis y Dunn. La percepción, control y actitud positiva para seguir programas preventivos de salud bucal resultó significativamente mayor en los adolescentes y en los grandes centros urbanos. Los resultados revelan una alta frecuencia de actitud neutra hacia la percepción, control y autoeficiencia en lo referente a salud bucal. Ello demanda un papel activo del odontopediatra en el estímulo del adolescente y en la difusión de información y participación en programas preventivos de salud.

Molecular analysis of the NDP gene in two families with Norrie disease.

PURPOSE: To describe the molecular defects in the Norrie disease protein (NDP) gene in two families with Norrie disease (ND). METHODS: We analysed two families with ND at molecular level through polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequence analysis and GeneScan. RESULTS: Two molecular defects found in the NDP gene were: a missense mutation (265C > G) within codon 97 that resulted in the interchange of arginine by proline, and a partial deletion in the untranslated 3' region of exon 3 of the NDP gene. Clinical findings were more severe in the family that presented the partial deletion. We also diagnosed the carrier status of one daughter through GeneScan; this method proved to be a useful tool for establishing female carriers of ND. CONCLUSION: Here we report two novel mutations in the NDP gene in Mexican patients and propose that GeneScan is a viable mean of establishing ND carrier status.

Somatic and germinal mosaicism for the steroid sulfatase gene deletion in a steroid sulfatase deficiency carrier.

Steroid sulfatase deficiency results in X-linked ichthyosis, an inborn error of metabolism in which the principal molecular defect is the complete deletion of the steroid sulfatase gene and flanking markers. Mosaicism for the steroid sulfatase gene has not yet been reported in X-linked ichthyosis. In this study we describe an X-linked ichthyosis patient with complete deletion of the steroid sulfatase gene and his mother with somatic and germinal mosaicism for this molecular defect. The family (X-linked ichthyosis patient, grandmother, mother, and sister) was analyzed through steroid sulfatase enzyme assay, polymerase chain reaction, DNA markers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization of the steroid sulfatase gene. Steroid sulfatase activity was undetectable in the X-linked ichthyosis patient, very low in the mother, and normal in the grandmother and sister. The X-linked ichthyosis patient showed a 2 Mb deletion of the steroid sulfatase gene and flanking regions from 5'DXS1139 to 3'DXF22S1. The mother showed one copy of the steroid sulfatase gene in 98.5% of oral cells and in 80% of leukocytes. The grandmother and sister showed two copies of the steroid sulfatase gene. The origin of the X chromosome with the deletion of the steroid sulfatase gene corresponded to the grandfather of the proband. We report the first case of somatic and germinal mosaicism of the steroid sulfatase gene in an X-linked ichthyosis carrier and propose DNA slippage as the most plausible mechanism in the genesis of this mosaicism.

Atención odontopediátrica integral de alta complejidad en pacientes de riesgo

Palabras preliminares, Dra. Lidia Pinola. Marco general. Bioseguridad. Pacientes discapacitados físico mentales. Pacientes inmuno comprometidos. Pacientes sistémicos. Pacientes con malformaciones cráneo máxilo faciales y fisurados. Unidad de Internación. Traumatología

Atención odontopediátrica integral de alta complejidad en pacientes de riesgo

Palabras preliminares, Dra. Lidia Pinola. Marco general. Bioseguridad. Pacientes discapacitados físico mentales. Pacientes inmuno comprometidos. Pacientes sistémicos. Pacientes con malformaciones cráneo máxilo faciales y fisurados. Unidad de Internación. Traumatología